thompson



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. H. THOMPSON.

OVEN. 7 No. 309,366. Patented "Dec. 16, 1884.

jaavenjfow I 2y Wlzkmfilompaon (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. H. THOMPSON.

OVEN.

No. 309,366. Patented Dec. 1 1884.

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\VILTJAM HENRY THOMPSON, OE QUEEN SQUARE, LEEDS, COUNTY OF YORK,ENGLAND.

.OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 309,366, dated December16,1884.

Application filed December 7, 1883. (No model.) latentcd in EnglandDecember 21, 1$S',No. (U09.

T0 (0 1/17/0722 may concern.-

Be it known that I, \VILLLUI llnnnv THOMPSON, a subject of the Queen ofGreat Britain, residing at Queen Square, Leeds, in the county of York,England, engineer, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments inthe Construction ot Ovens Heated by Gas, (for which I have obtained apatent in Great Britain, No. 6,109, bearing date December 21., 18532,)of which the following is a specification.

The objects of this invention are to construct hers and other ovens insuch a manner that there shall be no smoke arising from the combustionof the fuel, such fuel being either ordinary coal-gas or any othersuitable and available gas for the purpose; also to pro mote economy inthe consumption of gas by the means and arangements for utilizing thecaloric arising from or produced by the co1n bastion thereof, and alsoto enable the operatives to have the desired temperature under perfectcontrol at-all times.

In constructing ovens in accordance with this invention I make use ofBunsen or other gas-burners, and place the same either vertically,horizontally, or diagonally in such a manner that the flames entersuitably-termed ilues surrounding or partially surrounding the internalwalls forming the shell or lining of the oven. A sufficient number ofgas-burners entering separated fines are provided in order to cause asufficicntly high tempera ture to be distributed in and around the ovenfor effectually carrying out the desired operations. \Vhen Bunsenburners are used, suitable regulatingvalves are fitted to allow a propersupply of atmospheric air to enter and mix with the Suitablearrangements are also made to cause the air and gas to take up andutilize the waste heat which would otherwise pass-away to the chimney,by which means the air and gas arrive at and pass through the burnerssuperheated, thus greatly conducing to economy. The tlues through whichthe heated gases pass are carried in horizontal channels under thebottom, in vcr tical or parallel tiers of horizontal channels in thesides, in horizontal channels under or over the roof-lining, and,finally, sometimes in descending channels under or over the roof-lining,and, finally, sometimes in descending channels to the foot of thechimney, and such channels may be formed of firebrick, iirc-clay, castor wrought metal, or pipes of various sectional forms. Between the innerwalls or shell of the oven and the outer walls thereof I interpose alayer or layers of wool, slag, asbestus, or other suitablenon'conducting material, in order to prevent loss of heat by conductionor radiation, and to render the same economicalin fuel and etIectua-l inworking. The usual fine over the door is constructed with a movable dooror valve thereto, and dampers are fitted to the chimney and flues wherenecessary.

My said improvements are applicable and adaptable to the construction ofovens for cooking, bakingbrcad, pastry, pottery, porcelain, art-tiles,and otherwise where definite and'controllable degrees of heat are desirable or necessary; and in order that my said invention may be clearlyunderstood, reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, inwhich similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in theseveral figu res.

Figure 1 is an external front elevation of an oven constructed inaccordance with my said invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectionalelevation, the left-hand side thereof being on the line E F of Fig. 3,and the right hand side thereof being on the line C D of Fig. 3. Fig. 3is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the oven. Fig. 4is a plan,partly of thetop of the oven and partly 011 the lineABof Fi 3; Fig. 5, averticalsectional view of aportion of the furnace, showing theconnection of flue 1 with the chimney-flue.

The burners a are arranged as shown in Fig. 8. Doors at are provided forlighting the same. The heat arising from the combustion of the gas andair passes from the combustion-chain ber a into the lower row ofmetallic tubes, (1, which are embedded in sand. Under the floor of theoven a layer of sheet-lead, e, is laid, to prevent damp from rising.Over this is laid a bed of fossil-meal or other suitable nonconductingmaterial four inches thick, to prevent loss of heat, as shown at f, Fig.3, and upon this is laid a bed of sand, in which the lower row ofmetallic flucs, d, are laid. These ICO flues carry the heated gases fromfront to back and open into the back flue, g. This flue carries orconducts the heated products of combustion to the upper row of metallicflues, h h.

These upper flues are uncovered, and their outward surfaces are incontact with the air in the longitudinal oven-chamber a. A portion ofthe heat is utilized by the lower flues and passed to the floor of theoven. These tubes, however, being embedded in sand, only pass a modifiedportion of the heat to the floor of the oven, reserving the remainder ofthe useful heat for absorption by the air of the oven by means of theupper row of uncovered metallic tubes. By these means and modificationsthereof I am enabled to arrange the distribution of the heat to the topand bottom of the oven, respectively, as found desirable, according tothe nature of the articles, goods, or materials to which the heat isapplied. The near ends of the upper metallic fiues open into atransverseflue, i, as shown in Fig. 3, and this line opens into downcast sideflues,as shown in Fig. 5, which act asheat-traps, and convey theresidheof the products of combustion downto the foot'of the chimney. Dampers 76k, Fi 1, control the currents in these A cistern for heating water isplaced upon the oven to utilize waste heat. Air is '30 allowed to enterand traverse the flues Zfor the purpose of absorbing some of the wasteheat. The air is conducted to the space a, Fig. 3, where it mixes (in ahighly-heated state) with the gas, and therewith is burned in thecombustion-chamber c. The doors m m, Fig. l, are for the purposeof-lighting the burners, the doors a a are for the purpose of regulatingthe cocks of the burners, and the door 0 is for the purpose ofregulating the admission of cold air to the regenerative fines.

Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of mysaid, invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim-The combination, with the oven having the longitudinal oven-chamber a,the rear vertical flue, g, and the combustion-chamber c, of the chimney,the top fines, h, the gas burners a, the layer of lead, 0, the layer ofnon-conducting material, f, the air-flues Z, the layer of sand, and thelongitudinal metallic flues in the sand under the bottom wall of theovenchamber,

substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day ofNovember, 1883.

WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON.

\Vitnesses:

Gno. (J. DO\VNING, 8 Quality 0t, London. J. WATT,

l7 Gracechurch St, London.

